{"id":2223,"date":"2025-03-26T12:17:51","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T05:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/?p=2223"},"modified":"2026-01-03T11:09:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T04:09:38","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-vu-sua-chrysophyllum-cainito-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/?p=2223&lang=vi","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT TR\u1ed2NG C\u00c2Y V\u00da S\u1eeeA (Chrysophyllum cainito\u00a0L)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

* T\u00ean:<\/em><\/strong>V\u00fa s\u1eefa c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0\u00a0Chrysophyllum<\/em><\/p>\n

cainito\u00a0<\/em>L, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng xi\u00eam<\/a>\u00a0(Sapotaceae<\/em>). C\u00e2y V\u00fa s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm sau 2 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 sai, qu\u1ea3 to v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00e0.<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fa s\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 15-20m. L\u00e1<\/td>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, m\u1ecdc so le, h\u00ecnh \u00f4van \u0111\u01a1n, m\u00e9p li\u1ec1n, d\u00e0i 5-15 cm; m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa. C\u00e1c hoa nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u00e1nh t\u00eda v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh (t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n).Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u00e0u t\u00eda ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u \u00e1nh l\u1ee5c khi ch\u00edn, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5 c xung quanh \u0111\u00e0i hoa, v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh sao trong c\u00f9i th\u1ecbt. Hh\u1ea1t d\u1eb9t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 ra qu\u1ea3 quanh n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng: V\u00fa s\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng quanh n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

* Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 – kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: T\u00f9y theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t li\u1ebfp m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y. V\u1edbi li\u1ebfp r\u1ed9ng 7 – 8m th\u00ec b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y \u1edf gi\u1eefa li\u1ebfp, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 8m\/c\u00e2y, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 12 – 13 c\u00e2y\/1000m2. V\u1edbi li\u1ebfp r\u1ed9ng 9 – 10m, tr\u1ed3ng hai h\u00e0ng theo ki\u1ec3u nanh s\u1ea5u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen rau m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y trong 1 – 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

* K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng:<\/em>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eafp m\u00f4 cao 0,5m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u1eb7t m\u00f4 1m. L\u00e0m m\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 hoai tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi 15kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai m\u1ee5c, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 m\u00f3c 1 l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u 20cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm ph\u00e2n DAP v\u00e0 300g l\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

– B\u00f3n l\u00f3t:<\/em>\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t ru\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n ao, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean m\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1eeb 0,8 \u2013 1 m, cao 0,4 – 0,7 m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 15 – 30 ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng 1 – 1,5 kg v\u00f4i\/m\u00f4, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t t\u1eeb 10 \u2013 15 kg ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 hoai v\u00e0 0,5 – 1,5 kg l\u00e2n vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c 10 \u2013 20 gram NPK 20-20-15 + TE cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng:<\/em>\u00a0Kho\u00e9t l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u c\u00e2y con (kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u2013 25 cm), x\u00e9 b\u1ecf bao nilon (\u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t), \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y con v\u00e0o h\u1ed1, n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t, d\u00f9ng 3 c\u00e2y c\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2y con, ch\u00fa \u00fd che n\u1eafng cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* K\u1ef9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng xong c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 h\u1ed3i xanh. Trong 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 – 3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m 1 \u2013 2 l\u1ea7n (cu\u1ed1c x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t quanh kh\u00f3m c\u00e2y, nh\u1eb7t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u00e8n \u00e9p). N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 b\u00f3n b\u1ed5 sung kho\u1ea3ng 3kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai ho\u1eb7c 0,3kg NPK cho m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 che t\u00e1n 30-50%.<\/p>\n

– Kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u, ng\u00e2m ph\u00e2n DAP + ur\u00ea h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi xung quanh g\u1ed1c 2 l\u1ea7n\/th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u00e2y 1-3 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m x\u1edbi g\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n b\u00f3n 20kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 3 \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1eeb 1-1,5kg h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m DAP 18-46-0 + NPK 20-20-15 + ur\u00ea v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 1, 6, 10 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n n\u00ean b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u1eadp kh\u1ecfa m\u1eb7t li\u1ebfp 0,5cm, th\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat h\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n ngay. Sau 3-4 h\u00f4m t\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i cho \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1eabm c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c gi\u00fap c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

– V\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, n\u00ean v\u00e9t m\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed3i b\u00f9n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t li\u1ebfp, ch\u1edd cho b\u00f9n kh\u00f4 n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao m\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t li\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

– Khi c\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u00e0m c\u1ecf g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u00f3n cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 2-3 gi\u1ea1 ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai, r\u01a1m r\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u00f3n 4 \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m: b\u00f3n x\u1eed l\u00fd ra hoa 3kg h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NPK 20-20-15 + ur\u00ea + l\u00e2n. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp b\u00f3n v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 to b\u1eb1ng n\u00fat \u00e1o g\u1ed3m 2kg ur\u00ea + DAP\/1 g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

– Khi qu\u1ea3 non c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 2-2,5cm, b\u00f3n cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 2kg NPK 20-20-15. \u0110\u1ee3t cu\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu ho\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u00e1ng b\u00f3n m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 2kg NPK 20-20-15.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0S\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3\u00a0<\/em>(Alopia sp.): Ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb khi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u00edn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3. Khi m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 non b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i th\u00ec phun ngay, phun 2-3 l\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch nhau 7-10 ng\u00e0y\/l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c Vibasu, Sagolex, Oncol, Netoxin, Lorsban\u2026<\/p>\n

– B\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3 do n\u1ea5m Lasio diplodia Theobromac v\u00e0 Colletotrichum sp. x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb khi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf g\u00e2y ra. V\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u0111en, g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea9m b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e2y lan nhanh kh\u1eafp qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4 \u0111en v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 h\u01b0 kh\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00ean t\u1edbi 20-25%. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec7 sinh v\u01b0\u1eddn cho tho\u00e1ng, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y lan; nh\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y qu\u1ea3 r\u1ee5ng v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh. Phun c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0: Carbenzim 500FL, Thio-M 500SC, Score, Antracol, Daconil, Nustar hay Benomyl\u20262-3 l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1ch nhau 10-15 ng\u00e0y\/l\u1ea7n.Qu\u1ea3 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 520C trong 10 ph\u00fat c\u0169ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

4. Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb 180 – 200 ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y theo gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00f9a v\u1ee5. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu ho\u1ea1ch khi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn sinh l\u00fd tr\u00ean c\u00e2y. Qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng. Khi th\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1ch n\u00ean c\u1eaft c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i 1-2 cm, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebft s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 bao qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bao gi\u1ea5y nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng * T\u00ean:V\u00fa s\u1eefa c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0\u00a0Chrysophyllum cainito\u00a0L, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng xi\u00eam\u00a0(Sapotaceae). C\u00e2y V\u00fa s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm sau 2 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 sai, qu\u1ea3 to v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00e0. * \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2224,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ky-thuat-trong-cay-va-cham-soc-cay-an-qua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2223"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3882,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2223\/revisions\/3882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifs.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}